Aim:: This study aimed to investigate the effects of early-life stress resulting from maternal separation (MS) on urinary function and behavioral changes. Methods:: We categorized 85 rat pups into control and MS groups. Two groups of each sex during post-weaning (3 weeks old) and maturity (9 weeks old) were compared. https://fitnessgravesyardes.shop/product-category/usb-software-upgrade/